Factors affecting crop yield

• Soybean yield depends on many factors.
• Main initial factors effecting crop yield are giving below

  A. Phisiological disorders
  B. Nutrient Management
  C. Weed Management
  D. Diseases
  E. Insects and Pests
  

Phisiological disorders

• Dramatic flower/ pod shedding
• High temperature stress
• Excess water during flowering/pod shedding.

Dramatic flower/pod shedding

• During the last two years shedding of flowers and pod is the big problem in Soybean cultivation. Scientist not able to find the cause of it yet. But the main two reasons which can be the cause of the problem are giving below

Nutrient imbalance

• If Nitrogen and Phosperous quantities are not balanced then initial growth won't be proper.
• Because of which, the time required for seed formation won't be enough.

Excess Plant population

• When there is more than required plant population is in the field then there will be imbalanced competition for nutrients and water.
• Because of which, pod shedding will continue and there will be more crincled and shrivelled number of seeds in the pods.

High Temperature Stress

• Soybean plant because of its sensitive nature gets effected by high temperature very easily.
• If it is exposed to high temperature then burning of leaves and shedding of pods takes place which effects the yield directly.

Water Stress

• For a good crop of Soybean good water management is required.
• Soybean crop is very sensitive to stagnate water.
• Therefore there should be proper drainage in the field.

Injury due to excess water

A. In initial stage, plant colour changes to light yellow.
B. After that, root growth stops.
C. Plant roots and main stem starts rotting.
D. Leaves starts shrivelling because they are not able absorb nutrients.
E. Plant dies off.

Injury due to drought

• Soybean crop is not able to achieve its maximum growth.
• If in the crop during flowering till browning of pod and pod maturity there is no lack of moisture then optimum yield can be achieved.
• Soybean requires maximum water during flowering and pod filling stage.
• During flowering and podding stage lack of moisture will result in less number of pods and light seed formation which will ultimately result in poor yield.
• Following are the symptoms seem in drought conditions.

  A. Germination is not even.
  B. During plants initial growth leaves starts shedding.
  C. In drought condition leaves starts curling rapidly and plant colour becomes light green.
  D. If drought continues then plant becomes yellow then ultimately dies.